Sol Plaatje University History, Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje (9 October 1876 – 19 June 1932) was a South African intellectual, journalist, linguist, politician, translator and writer. Plaatje was a founder member and first General Secretary of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), which became the African National Congress (ANC). The Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, which includes the city of Kimberley, is named after him, as is the Sol Plaatje University in this city, which opened its doors in 2014.
Early Life
Plaatje was born in Doornfontein near Boshof, Orange Free State (now Free State Province, South Africa), the sixth of eight sons. His grandfather’s name was Selogilwe Mogodi but his employer nicknamed him Plaatje and the family started using this as a surname. His parents Johannes and Martha were members of the Tswana nation. They were Christians and worked for missionaries at mission stations in South Africa.
When Solomon was four, the family moved to Pniel near Kimberley in the Cape Colony to work for a German missionary, Ernst Westphal, and his wife Wilhelmine. There he received a mission-education. When he outpaced fellow learners he was given additional private tuition by Mrs Westphal, who also taught him to play the piano and violin and gave him singing lessons.
Career
After leaving school, he moved to Kimberley in 1894 where he became a telegraph messenger for the Post Office. He subsequently passed the clerical examination (the highest in the colony) with higher marks than any other candidate in Dutch and typing At that time, the Cape Colony had qualified franchise for all men 21 or over, the qualification being that they be able to read and write English or Dutch and earn over 50 pounds a year. Thus, when he turned 21 in 1897, he was able to vote, a right he would later lose when British rule ended.
Shortly thereafter, he became a court interpreter for the British authorities during the Siege of Mafeking and kept a diary of his experiences which were published posthumously.
After the war, he was optimistic that the British would continue to grant qualified franchise to all males, but they gave political rights to whites only in the 1910 Union of South Africa. Plaatje criticised the British in an unpublished 1909 manuscript entitled “Sekgoma – the Black Dreyfus.”
As an activist and politician he spent much of his life in the struggle for the enfranchisement and liberation of African people.
Plaatje became fluent in at least seven languages and translated works of William Shakespeare into Tswana. His talent for language would lead to a career in journalism and writing. He was editor and part-owner of Koranta ea Becoana (Bechuana Gazette) in Mafikeng, and in Kimberley Tsala ea Becoana (Bechuana Friend) and Tsala ea Batho (The Friend of the People).
Plaatje was the first black South African to write a novel in English – Mhudi. He wrote the novel in 1919, but it was only published in 1930.
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Personal Life
He was married to Elizabeth Lilith M’belle, a union that would produce five children – Frederick, Halley, Richard, Violet and Olive.
He died of pneumonia at Pimville, Johannesburg on 19 June 1932 and was buried in Kimberley. Over a thousand people attended the funeral.
Recognition
Decades passed before Plaatje began to receive the recognition he deserved.
In the 1970s interest was stirred in Plaatje’s journalistic and literary legacy through the work of John Comaroff (who edited for the publication of The Boer War Diary of Sol T. Plaatje, and by Tim Couzens and Stephen Gray (who focused attention on Sol Plaatje’s novel, Mhudi.)
Rapidly, his intellect and influence became widespread and respected. Among the many posthumous tributes to Plaatje are:
1978: Mhudi was re-published under the editorial guidance of Stephen Gray.
1982: Plaatje’s Native Life in South Africa: Before and Since the European War and the Boer Rebellion (1916) was re-published by Ravan Press.
1982: the African Writers Association instituted a Sol Plaatje Prose Award.
1984: Brian Willan published his biography, Sol Plaatje: South African Nationalist, 1876–1932.
1991: The Sol Plaatje Educational Trust and Museum, housed in Plaatje’s Kimberley home at 32 Angel Street, was opened, actively furthering his written legacy.
1992: The house at 32 Angel Street in Kimberley, where Plaatje spent his last years, was declared a national monument (now a provincial heritage site). It continues as the Sol Plaatje Museum and Library, run by the Sol Plaatje Educational Trust, with donor funding.
1998: An honorary doctorate was posthumously conferred on Plaatje by the University of the North-West, with several of his descendants present.
1998: Plaatje’s grave in West End Cemetery, Kimberley, was declared a national monument (now a provincial heritage site).It was only the second grave in South African history to be awarded national monument status.
2000: The Diamond Fields Advertiser launched the Sol T Plaatje Memorial Award to honour the top Setswana and top English matriculant each year in the Northern Cape.
2000: The Department of Education building in Pretoria was renamed Sol Plaatje House, on 15 June 2000, “in honour of this political giant and consummate educator.”
2000: The South African Post Office issued a series of stamps featuring writers of the Boer War, with Plaatje appearing on the 1.30 Rand stamp.
2018: Acclaimed historian Brian Willan released his fourth book on Sol Plaatje with a landmark launch at the University.
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Conclusion
Sol Plaatje University is privileged and honored to bear the name of this intellectual giant of South Africa. His legacy lives on in the hearts and minds of all who are part of this young university, the first to be established in the Northern Cape Province.